If you are recording, you need to hear what you are playing in real-time (lower latency). But if you are listening back to a track with 50 plugins working at the same time, you want the sound to come through seamlessly (lower CPU usage).
Based on my own workflow and CPU specs, I find that a buffer size of 1024 samples works well for me. If I need more responsiveness (i.e. lower latency) when live recording, I will drop the buffer size to 512 samples or lower.
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Online Gaming can often benefit from some fine-tuning of Windows TCP/IP settings and the Network Adapter properties. This article is intended to supplement our general broadband tweaks and list only TCP/IP settings that are specific to online gaming and reducing network latency. Some of these settings are also mentioned in our general tweaking articles, however, the emphasis here is on latency rather than throughput, and we have complemented the tweaks with more gaming-specific recommendations and settings that give priority to multimedia/gaming traffic, and may be outside of the scope of other broadband tweaks that focus on pure throughput.
Nagle's algorithm is designed to allow several small packets to be combined together into a single, larger packet for more efficient transmissions. While this improves throughput efficiency and reduces TCP/IP header overhead, it also briefly delays transmission of small packets. Disabling "nagling" can help reduce latency/ping in some games. Keep in mind that disabling Nagle's algorithm may also have some negative effect on file transfers. Nagle's algorithm is enabled in Windows by default. To implement this tweak and disable Nagle's algorithm, modify the following registry keys.
The TCP Congestion Control Algorithm controls how well, and how fast your connection recovers from network congestion, packet loss, and increase in latency. Microsoft changed the default "congestion provider" from CTCP to CUBIC with the Windows Creators update.
Notes:ECN is only effective in combination with AQM (Active Queue Management) router policy. It has more noticeable effect on performance with interactive connections, online games, and HTTP requests, in the presence of router congestion/packet loss. Its effect on bulk throughput with large TCP Window are less clear. Currently, we only recommend enabling this setting in the presence of packet loss, with ECN-capable routers. Its effects should be tested. We also recommend using ECN if you are enabling the CoDel scheduling algorithm to combat bufferbloat and reduce latency.Use caution when enabling ECN, as it may also have negative impact on throughput with some residential US ISPs. Some EA multiplayer games that require a profile logon do not support ECN yet (you will not be able to logon). Note that if supported, ECN can reduce latency in some games with ECN-capable routers in the presence of packet loss (dropped packets).
Receive Segment Coalescing (RSC) allows the NIC to coalesce multiple TCP/IP packets that arrive within a single interrupt into a single larger packet (up to 64KB) so that the network stack has to process fewer headers, resulting in 10% to 30% reduction in I/O overhead depending on the workload, thereby improving throughput. Receive Segment Coalescing (RCS) is able to collect packets that are received during the same interrupt cycle and put them together so that they can be more efficiently delivered to the network stack. While this reduces CPU utilization and improves thorughput, it can also have a negative impact on latency. That is why we recommend you disable it where latency is more important than throughput.
Large Send Offload lets the network adapter hardware to complete data segmentation, rather than the OS. Theoretically, this feature may improve transmission performance, and reduce CPU load. The problem with this setting is buggy implementation on many levels, including Network Adapter Drivers. Intel and Broadcom drivers are known to have this enabled by default, and may have many issues with it. In addition, in general any additional processing by the network adapter can introduce some latency which is exactly what we are trying to avoid when tweaking for gaming performance. We recommend disabling LSO at both the Network Adapter properties, and at the OS level with the setting below.
Disable Coalescing: Some network adapters support advanced settings, such as DMA Coalescing, DCA Coalescing, Receive Segment Coalescing (RSC). In general, any type of packet or memory coalescing can reduce CPU utilization (also power consumption) and increases throughput, as it allows the network adapter to combine multiple packets, however, coalescing can also have negative impact on latency, especially with more aggressive settings. That is why it should be either disabled, or used very conservatively for gaming. Any type of network adapter packet/memory coalescing allows the NIC to collect packets before it interacts with other hardware. This may increase network latency. For gaming, disable "DMA coalescing" and "Receive Side Coalescing State (RSC)", where applicable.
TCP Offloading: TCP Offloads can improve throughput in general, however, they've been plagued by driver issues in the past, and, they also put more strain on the network adapter. For pure gaming, disable any TCP Offloads, such as "Large Send Offload (LSO)", for example. For pure gaming and lowest possible latency, the only safe offload that should be left to the network adapter is "Checksum Offload".
Enable CTF (Cut Through Forwarding) - CTF is Broadcom proprietary NAT acceleration. It is a software module that allows routers based on their hardware/firmware to achieve near-gigabit performance and lower CPU utilization through various methods, including bypassing parts of the Linux stack. It is a great feature to use, however there is a catch - it is only available when not using certain other incompatible features that need the Linux functionality (like QoS). You'd have to pick which feature you prefer by testing. In our experience CTF performs better, as the lower CPU/memory utilization and minimal processing trumps QoS in both throughput and latency.
In some situations, latency can even be reduced by using a VPN provider. Many ISPs provide fast/reliable internet locally between you and their servers, however lack in both speed in latency when it comes to their peering arrangements and backbones for longer distance connections. They could also be throttling certain traffic types. In such situations, a local to you quality VPN provider may allow you to avoid the ISP bottleneck by bypassing a lot of internal/cluttered routing and skip to a distant location faster, providing a lower latency connection. 2ff7e9595c
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